Deadly Conecap

Pholiotina rugosa

Also known as Conocybe filaris, Pholiotina filaris.

Deadly ConecapPhoto: Lord Mayonnaise, via Mushroom Observer · CC BY-SA 3.0

About this fungus

Deadly Conecap is a fungus in the Bolbitiaceae family. Its habitat and field characteristics are summarised below.

A small, fragile, brown-spored mushroom with a thin ring, often appearing in wood chips or garden soil. It has no dependable beginner-level field signature.

What to check

Record the complete stem and ring, cap texture and colour change as it dries, gill attachment, rusty-brown spore deposit and substrate. Microscopic characters are required for a defensible species name.

Variation

The hygrophanous cap can shift from orange-brown when moist to much paler when dry. The small ring may break or disappear.

Lookalikes

Many Conocybe, Pholiotina and Galerina species share this appearance. Deadly Galerina marginata is usually wood-associated but overlap is substantial. No photograph can establish safety.

Habitat and range

Saprotrophic on rich soil, woody debris, mulch and landscaped beds across temperate regions. Published use of the names P. rugosa, P. filaris and C. filaris is inconsistent.

Food safety

Deadly poisonous. Amatoxin poisoning can have a delayed symptom-free interval followed by severe liver injury. Suspected ingestion requires urgent poison-centre or emergency medical advice.

Further reading

Wikipedia · MushroomExpert.com

A glimpse of the research.

We do not yet have a checked seasonal or weather finding to share for this species. The field guide is still a useful starting point for learning what to examine.

Read six species examples →